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Seasonal temperatures can affect how children sleep, which is why kids’ bedding for different weather plays such an important role in nighttime comfort and rest. Sleep needs change as children grow from crib to big kid bed, so bedding should support the right temperature and sensory comfort at each stage. Thoughtful bedding choices can strengthen healthy sleep habits, reduce bedtime resistance, and limit night wakings caused by feeling too warm or too cold. With a simple, organized system, families can rotate bedding smoothly through the year, protect sleep spaces from clutter, and support steady sleep routines that help children settle more easily at night. Smart Systems for Kids’ Bedding for Different Weather A clear storage and rotation plan gives parents fast access to suitable bedding each season. This supports comfort through temperature changes and strengthens sleep habits across the year. Having the right kids’ bedding for different weather, ready to switch in or out, also helps reduce bedtime disruptions, especially during colder evenings or winter bedtime routines. A structured approach prevents clutter, saves time, and keeps the sleep space calm. Choose Bedding That Supports Sleep Through the Seasons Select bedding that maintains a steady sleep temperature for your child. Summer calls for breathable natural fibres, such as cotton or bamboo, which help prevent overheating at night. During winter bedtime routines, bedding should create warmth and security, such as flannel sheets, fleece layers, or a soft quilt. Spring and autumn fall in the middle, so mid-weight blankets and cotton-blend layers work well. Adjusting kids’ bedding for different weather conditions as conditions shift helps children fall asleep faster and stay asleep longer. Organize and Label Bedding for Easy Access Sorting bedding by season creates a smoother bedtime routine for children. Label storage bins or shelves with “Summer,” “Winter,” and “All-Season” to make rotation simple. Store full sets together so sheets, pillowcases, and blankets stay matched. Clear labels help children learn to care for their sleep space and encourage independence during bedtime routines. How Many Bedding Sets Help Support Restful Sleep? A manageable number of sets keeps closets tidy and promotes hygiene. Most families find three sets per season helpful for each child:
Involve Children in Simple Storage Habits Simple tasks help children build responsibility and connection to their sleep space. Folding pillowcases or placing washed sheets in the correct bin encourages them to participate in caring for their bed. This supports routines, which are key to balanced sleep skills training. Clean and Prep Bedding Before Seasonal Storage Fresh bedding protects children’s skin and reduces allergens. Wash bedding before storage, using a gentle detergent suitable for sensitive skin. Dry everything fully to avoid moisture build-up. Place a lavender pouch or cedar block in storage boxes to keep items fresh without strong scents. Keep Bedding Safe from Dust and Dampness A dry storage space helps maintain fabric quality and cleanliness. Use cotton storage bags, vacuum-sealed bags, or plastic bins with secure lids. Store heavy winter bedding on higher shelves, and place lighter, compact bedding in under-bed storage to maximise space. Avoid damp areas to protect fabric and maintain comfort for future use. Smart Storage Locations That Protect Sleep Comfort Choose storage spots that stay dry, tidy, and easy to access during seasonal rotations. Under-Bed Storage for Frequent Swaps Low bins or roll-out bags fit under most children’s beds. This space is ideal for storing current or upcoming season bedding. It keeps swaps quick and simple during temperature changes. Bedroom or Hallway Closets Use top shelves for off-season bedding and lower shelves for items currently in use. Shelf dividers maintain neat stacks and prevent piles from tipping. Keeping bedding in or near the bedroom helps bedtime routines stay calm and organised. Linen Cabinets with Seasonal Categories Assign a shelf per child or season for clarity. This helps parents and caregivers find the right set quickly, especially during busy evenings. A Seasonal Rotation Routine That Supports Better Sleep Seasonal rotation works best when done early. As soon as temperatures begin to shift, switch bedding. This helps children stay comfortable at night, which reduces bedtime resistance and night wakings. During each rotation, check bedding for wear or discomfort. Remove items that feel rough or too worn, and replace bedding that no longer supports cosy rest. Aim for a short review every three months. This habit aligns well with balanced sleep routines, as the environment plays a strong role in sleep quality. Smart Storage for Bedding and Baby Gear You Plan to Reuse Many families benefit from keeping some of it for later because sleep items can support younger children during future stages. Knowing where to store your baby gear between kids helps you stay organised, saves money, and reduces clutter as your family grows. Seasonal items, such as kids’ bedding for different weather, can be stored neatly in labelled containers with other reusable sleep-related gear so everything stays clean and easy to find. Add a simple inventory list to track what you have saved, which sizes are included, and what may still be needed for the next child. This method supports a calm home, reduces last-minute shopping, and keeps bedding and sleep items ready for future developmental stages without filling valuable space. Link Bedding Choices to Sleep Quality
Comfort contributes to sleep success. Bedding that supports stable body temperature helps children sleep through the night. During warmer months, use breathable layers and lightweight blankets so children stay cool. In colder months, layer blankets that can be added or removed depending on your child’s warmth preference. Some children sleep best with a flat sheet and light duvet, while others feel more secure with a fleece layer. Have a clean spare pillowcase and mattress protector ready. These prevent sleep disruptions during nighttime spills or illness. Consider Allergies and Sensitive Skin Allergies and skin sensitivity can disturb sleep. Store bedding in dust-reducing bags and pick hypoallergenic fabrics. Use fragrance-free detergent and wash bedding weekly. This supports a healthier sleep space and reduces allergy-related night wakings. Quick Sleep-Friendly Bedding Care Tips These simple habits keep bedding clean, fresh, and supportive of healthy sleep:
Rotate Bedding as Your Child Grows Bedding needs to change as children progress from crib to toddler bed, then to larger beds. Growth also affects sleep and sibling dynamics, especially when siblings share a room or move into one bedroom together. Having age-appropriate bedding helps each child feel comfortable and supported. Keeping labelled bins for future bedding sizes reduces clutter and preparation time later. Store crib sheets separately from toddler and single-bed sets to avoid mix-ups. Pass on bedding that no longer fits. This keeps storage organized and aligned with your child’s sleep stage and supports smooth rotation of kids’ bedding for different weather as children grow. Share or Reuse Bedding to Support Families Bedding still in good condition can support other families. Share with relatives or friends who have children. Reusing bedding is budget-friendly and practical. Wash carefully before use and check the quality before passing items on, so comfort and sleep support stay consistent. A thoughtful plan for kids’ bedding for different weather helps families support consistent sleep. Organized storage, seasonal rotation, and child-friendly involvement create a calmer sleep space and reduce night disruptions. With simple routines that match seasonal comfort, children gain steady sleep skills that support healthy growth and development. Photos: https://www.pexels.com/photo/empty-bedroom-set-1648768/ https://www.pexels.com/photo/spacious-children-bedroom-with-green-carpet-and-swedish-wall-7045857/ https://www.pexels.com/photo/a-family-in-the-bedroom-together-7938087/ https://www.pexels.com/photo/girl-covered-with-blanket-sleeping-5895041/ Relocating to a new home offers more than a change of scenery; it opens the door to healthier family routines. Many parents discover that moving can reset family sleep habits, particularly for babies and children who need consistent structure to rest well. While some little ones may experience a brief sleep regression after a move, the change often becomes an opportunity to reshape bedtime practices, improve sleep hygiene, and encourage peaceful nights for everyone. Why Moving Can Reset Family Sleep Habits A move gives families a rare opportunity to start fresh. In old homes, children’s sleep may have been disrupted by noise, clutter, or inconsistent routines. With relocation, parents can reintroduce sleep coaching principles such as predictable nap times, bedtime rituals, and calm environments that foster better rest. Babies, in particular, benefit from a stable sleep framework. When parents move, they often create more organized spaces that make it easier to follow consistent feeding and sleeping schedules. The result is a calmer household rhythm and improved sleep quality for both children and adults. Designing Bedrooms That Support Infant and Child Sleep A child’s new bedroom setup turns bedtime into comfort and security, helping reinforce children's familiar sleep routines. After a move, bedroom design becomes essential in sleep coaching. Each child’s room should encourage calm and predictability. Use soft, neutral colors, avoid stimulating toys near the crib, and ensure the room remains dark and quiet during rest periods. For babies, a dedicated sleep space such as a crib with breathable bedding and no loose items supports safety and routine. Toddlers may need a night-light or gentle music to feel secure. Parents can also introduce a visual bedtime cue, like closing blackout curtains, which helps signal that it’s time to rest. These small adjustments can transform bedtime from a struggle into a peaceful, predictable process that strengthens family harmony. Creating New Sleep Coaching Routines After the Move Every move interrupts the family’s daily rhythm, but this disruption can work to your advantage. It allows parents to reset expectations and apply effective sleep coaching strategies from the start. Many families discover that moving can reset family sleep habits, helping children settle into a healthier rhythm even if a child’s restlessness after a move appears at first. For babies, focus on consistent nap windows and pre-sleep routines, such as a bath, dim lights, and quiet lullabies. For toddlers, set clear bedtime boundaries and maintain a consistent schedule. Children thrive on predictability; knowing what to expect helps them relax and fall asleep faster. Use the first weeks after the move to practice consistency. When routines are repeated daily, the body’s internal clock adjusts, creating natural cues for sleep and wake times. Managing Screen Time and Evening Stimulation Even young children can be affected by bright screens or overstimulating play before bed. Moving gives parents the perfect chance to set new boundaries. Keep tablets, TVs, and phones out of bedrooms. Instead, encourage quiet activities like storytime or soft music. Reducing light and sound stimulation one hour before bed supports melatonin production, helping children and their parents fall asleep more easily. For babies, limit bright lights during nighttime feeds. Use soft lamps or dim red bulbs that won’t signal the brain to stay awake. How Moving Affects Baby and Child Sleep Patterns A happy baby resting soundly after gentle sleep coaching, showing how moving can reset family sleep habits for the better. Babies and young children are especially sensitive to changes in the environment. New sounds, smells, and lighting can disrupt their sleep for a few nights or weeks. However, with gentle sleep coaching techniques, these challenges fade quickly. Keep bedtime routines familiar, the same lullaby, the same sequence of activities, even in the new space. Parents can add one or two comforting rituals, such as cuddling before bed or reading a short story, to strengthen security. Toddlers may test boundaries after a move, especially if routines were flexible before. Consistency, patience, and reassurance are key. Over time, children will associate their new rooms with comfort and safety, leading to deeper and more consistent rest. Using Moving as a Parental Reset for Sleep Coaching A move can also refresh parents’ own mindset about rest. Many mothers and fathers feel renewed motivation to rebuild healthy family routines. Decluttering old habits and creating new sleep-friendly zones can help the entire household function better. Keep bedrooms technology-free, peaceful, and organized. Avoid turning them into play or storage spaces. A calm sleep environment supports every stage of sleep coaching from newborn schedules to toddler independence. When children sense calm, they follow it. A peaceful household at night often starts with parental discipline and a clear bedtime plan. Adapting Sleep Routines to a New Climate or Schedule For families relocating to a different climate or time zone, baby and child sleep patterns may shift temporarily. Use light exposure to your advantage. Morning sunlight helps reset circadian rhythms, while dark, cool rooms promote rest at night. If the move involves a time difference, gradually adjust bedtime by 15 to 30 minutes each night. Stick to predictable mealtimes and nap windows to help the body synchronize. Consistency reduces stress for both children and caregivers. Special Considerations When Moving During Colder Months Joyful siblings enjoying cozy bedtime moments after moving during colder months, creating new holiday sleep routines together. Families moving during colder months often face shorter days and colder nights, which can affect energy levels and natural sleep cues. Keeping bedrooms warm and comfortable supports restful sleep, especially for infants. Use sleep sacks or warm pajamas instead of loose blankets to maintain safety and comfort. Cold weather can also offer surprising benefits. A mid-winter relocation often brings quieter neighborhoods and calmer evenings, which help young children fall asleep faster and stay asleep longer. Evening routines such as warm baths, gentle stretches, or soft lullabies create cozy bedtime associations that make winter nights peaceful for the whole family. Maintaining Consistency After the Move After the first few months, the novelty of a new home fades, and routines can start to slip. To prevent this, keep bedtime and wake-up times consistent seven days a week. Predictable rhythms anchor children emotionally and physically, making bedtime easier over time. For parents using sleep coaching methods, periodic reviews help maintain structure. Track bedtime success, adjust naps, and celebrate small wins. Over time, these consistent practices strengthen trust and predictability, which are central to healthy sleep development. The Broader Benefits of Sleep Coaching After a Move Quality sleep supports every aspect of a child’s growth, from emotional balance to physical health. When parents use sleep coaching after a move, the entire household benefits. Babies wake less, toddlers focus better, and parents rest more. This shows how moving can reset family sleep habits and restore children's familiar sleep routines in a new, comforting space. A well-rested child adapts faster to new surroundings, improving patience, learning, and family connection. Moving becomes a genuine reset for healthier living. How Moving Can Reset Family Sleep Habits for Good Relocation provides parents a valuable chance to rebuild structure and calm into daily life. With thoughtful planning, moving can reset family sleep habits, especially for babies and children who thrive on routine. A new space offers an emotional and physical reset, helping families align with healthy sleep patterns that last long after the boxes are unpacked. Whether during summer or winter, using the move as a foundation for strong sleep coaching can transform the entire family’s nights and mornings for the better. Photos by Freepik
Moving to a new home can feel exciting, but it also brings challenges that many families underestimate. A child’s restlessness after a move often becomes the biggest source of stress. Children lose familiar routines, spaces, and friendships, and this unease quickly spreads through the entire household. What feels like a fresh start for adults can leave kids unsettled, and their reactions affect parents and siblings in unexpected ways. Consistency Brings Comfort During Relocation Parents quickly learn that emotional balance during relocation requires more than just unpacking boxes. Building stability for children becomes a priority. Many families find success by choosing strategies like maintaining consistency in sleep coaching during a move, because predictability reassures children when everything else feels uncertain. Shifting Routines and Emotional Balance Routines anchor children’s daily lives. A move often disrupts these anchors. Bedtimes shift, school mornings feel rushed, and mealtimes lose their usual rhythm. These small breaks can make a child feel off balance, and frustration spreads into other parts of the day. When one child’s mood spirals, siblings often mirror the energy. Parents, already handling the stress of relocation, may lose patience more quickly. The household atmosphere becomes tense, making it harder for anyone to adjust. Restoring even small routines helps return balance to the home. One Child’s Restlessness After a Move Affects the Whole Family: Stress from the Moving Process The demands of relocation can weigh heavily on the entire family. Children quickly pick up on signs of exhaustion or distraction in their parents and may interpret them as neglect, leading to clinginess or disruptive behavior. To ease the strain, families can turn moving into a manageable experience by introducing kids to small, age-appropriate responsibilities. Simple steps like creating a packing plan, decluttering before you pack, or preparing an essentials box are practical packing hacks for a stress-free move. These strategies not only streamline the process but also give children a sense of involvement, boosting their confidence and reducing emotional resistance. The Impact on Sleep Patterns Sleep is one of the most common areas affected after a move. New bedrooms may feel strange, and even small noises can disturb rest. Children may wake up repeatedly or resist bedtime altogether. Lack of sleep then leads to irritability, tantrums, and morning struggles. Sleep loss does not just affect children. Parents also lose rest when their nights are disrupted. The whole family starts the day tired and impatient. Addressing sleep issues quickly helps restore calmer mornings and smoother family routines. Building Security in a New Space A new home often feels overwhelming to children. Large empty rooms, different smells, and strange lighting create unease. Familiar objects provide comfort, so setting up a child’s room first can make a big difference. Placing favorite toys, books, or blankets in familiar arrangements helps restore a sense of safety. Once children view their bedroom as a secure zone, their restlessness eases. Families who prioritize this step often see faster adjustment for the entire household. Emotional Reactions and Family Dynamics Children express stress in ways that are easy to misread. Some may cry more often, while others become defiant. Parents may disagree on discipline versus comfort, which creates tension between them. Siblings may feel left out when parents focus on the restless child. Parents can lean on sleep coaching techniques as part of a broader response. Predictable bedtime routines, calm reassurance, and gentle strategies prevent escalation. When children regain a sense of stability, the entire family benefits from less conflict and greater understanding. The Role of School and Social Shifts Starting at a new school is often the hardest adjustment. Children leave behind trusted teachers and familiar classmates. Suddenly, they face unfamiliar hallways, teaching styles, and peer groups. The pressure to fit in adds weight to their daily stress. Parents notice this at home through reluctance to attend school, withdrawal, or mood swings. Supporting children through these early months requires empathy, patience, and close communication with teachers. The more support children feel, the faster their confidence grows. Restoring Routines That Bring Calm Family rituals restore stability. Even small habits like eating dinner together or reading a bedtime story remind children that some things remain the same. These rituals become a thread of comfort in uncertain times. Families who bring back consistent bedtime habits often see rapid improvements in behavior. Adding familiar sleep routines to your new home creates a bridge between the old and the new. These steps anchor children emotionally, helping them adapt without overwhelming the family. Communication That Encourages Trust Talking through fears helps children process change. When parents ask simple questions and listen without judgment, kids feel safe sharing their worries. Trust builds through these conversations. This communication prevents misunderstandings and reduces unnecessary conflict. Children who feel understood calm down more quickly, making daily life smoother. Open dialogue also teaches kids healthy ways to manage stress, which benefits the entire family long term. Coping Strategies for Parents Parents often forget their own needs during a move. Their stress, however, directly impacts the household. Children quickly pick up on their parents’ moods. Exhausted or frustrated parents unintentionally pass along anxiety. Taking breaks, seeking help from relatives, or hiring support during moving tasks can ease the burden. Even professional movers can provide relief, giving parents the energy to focus on emotional support for their children. Balanced parents are better equipped to handle household challenges with patience. Long-Term Family Growth
Although difficult in the moment, the challenges of moving often strengthen family bonds. Families learn to adapt together, to support one another, and to develop resilience. Children who successfully adjust gain confidence that will serve them later in life. Parents often discover new routines or traditions that work better in the new environment. What begins as disruption can end in deeper connections. Families come away from the experience knowing they can weather challenges together. Moving Forward Together Recognizing the signs of a child’s restlessness after a move helps parents act early. By restoring routines, maintaining sleep stability, and creating safe spaces, families find their rhythm again. Over time, the household grows stronger, proving that change, while difficult, can bring new beginnings for everyone. NIGHTTIME POTTY TRAININGThis is it, mama. This is the final boss. The last level. The icing on the parenting cake. Well, I suppose you still have about 15 or 16 years of parenting left before you send them off to college, but those are a day at the park compared to this. I’m talking, of course, about nighttime potty training. This is another one of those parenting milestones that can seem peculiar to outsiders. Still, for those of us who have been through it, we know that a celebration of epic proportions is in order on the day we finally say our final farewell to diapers. It’s not as sexy as completing your Master’s degree or landing a big promotion, but handing down that Diaper Genie to one of your friends after getting your toddler 100% potty trained feels pretty similar on the old accomplishment-o-meter.
Today, I’ve some tips for you to determine whether your toddler is ready for nighttime potty training and, if so, how to maximize your chances of success without sacrificing the progress you’ve made with their sleep. So, jumping right in, is your little one ready to go the night without using the potty? Notice how I phrased that specifically? I’ve seen nighttime potty training approaches that involve actually going into your child’s bedroom at regular intervals during the night and waking them up to go to the bathroom! All the nopes to this approach. Every last nope in the nope collection. We do not sacrifice sleep for potty training. It’s way too confusing for a toddler to be told, after all of the work they’ve done to finally start sleeping peacefully through the night, that they now have to wake up every three or four hours to go to the bathroom. If your toddler can’t get through the night without needing to pee, they’re not ready for this. Leave their diaper on at night and tackle this at a later date. If, however, your little one’s had a few nights of waking up with a dry diaper, that could mean that they’re up to the challenge. That’s really the prime indicator that this might be a good time to give it a shot. Two or three dry mornings in a week suggests that their bladder muscles have developed to the point where they can hold it for the night, so if that’s the case, let’s give it a shot. Now, prepare yourself. I’m sure there are stories out there about The Toddler Who Potty Trained Without a Single Accident, but the odds of that happening are not in your favour. Not even close. So pick a week when you don’t have a whole lot going on, get some extra sheets and PJs at the ready, and get your zen on because the most important thing here is patience. There will be some accidents, and accepting this reality ahead of time will help make the process bearable for you and your little one. Keep this mindset when you’re explaining what’s going on to your toddler. It’s great to be enthusiastic and super-positive, but don’t make it sound too monumental. We’ve got to keep in mind that this isn’t something they have control over, and building up expectations on them can result in some feelings of failure and disappointment if they do have an accident in the night. This is also something to consider if you’re looking at a “reward chart” or some such thing for nights without an accident. I’m not inherently against them, but if your toddler tends to get really upset if they don’t make the grade, it might be better to let them succeed or fail without rewards and consequences. Make sure your toddler gets on the potty right before bed, even if they say they don’t need to go.
I know many parents have found that a potty session 30 minutes before bedtime, followed by another one right before bed, has yielded the best results. When an accident happens, as it probably will at least a few times, don’t act disappointed or irritated. (Go ahead and feel that way, sure, but you keep that noise to yourself.) Just take your toddler by the hand and walk them back to their room, get them cleaned up and into some fresh pyjamas, and change their bed with the clean sheets you’ve prepared ahead of time. I do have one really sweet pro tip for you here. Grab some plastic sheeting, lay a layer over the mattress, then add a set of bed sheets, followed by another layer of plastic, and finally another set of bed sheets. That way, if there’s an accident in the night, you just go in, strip off the top layer, and bam! There’s a clean, dry, freshly made bed waiting underneath. That’ll help get you and your little one back to bed in no time flat. Keep the room as dark as possible, keep the process brief, and avoid putting your little one in the bath unless absolutely necessary. Getting into the tub is likely to throw a wrench in your child’s sleep for the night. They might get it into their heads that wetting the bed gets them fifteen minutes in the bath, which, for some kids, might sound like a pretty sweet proposition. So what happens if it doesn’t take? If you’re still experiencing regular accidents after a week or two, consider the situation. Is your toddler ready and just not willing, or willing but not ready? And when you’re deciding, consider whether your own desire to see an end to diapers is influencing your decision. Any sane parent would love to say goodbye to diapers as soon as possible, but there really is no rushing this process. If they’re not ready, they’re not ready, and you’re just putting a lot of unnecessary stress on both of you by trying to get it done before it’s time. To reiterate, one last time, getting your toddler out of their diaper is not worth sacrificing their sleep routine. Don’t attempt this crazy “dream-potty” routine where you try to get them to pee while they’re still sleeping, don’t wake them up halfway through the night to go to the bathroom, and don’t drop two hundred bucks on a bed-wetting alarm. (How is that even a thing?) You’ll just be trading one issue for another, and since you’ve already put the work in to get them sleeping through the night, you’re much better off just waiting until the moment is right. -Erin Neri, BA. Psychology, Certified Pediatric Sleep Consultant, Infant Mental Health, Integrated Feeding Specialist Is My Baby waking because she is hungry?We’re all willing to do whatever it takes to ensure that our babies are properly nourished, obviously, but as anyone who’s been through this glorious journey of motherhood will tell you, kids are shrewd. They’re unimaginably clever. They will find ways to get what they want, and they will repeat them relentlessly. Which is not their fault, obviously. They’re just working off of instinct. They know what they like, and at a young age, they like mom— a lot. I’m talking all mom, all the time. You are to your baby what Pinterest is to middle-aged homeowners. Too much is never enough. And given the fact that they really only have one method of communicating, if Mom’s not around and they don’t think that’s cool, they fire up their lungs, and they let out a cry. However, obviously, they don’t only cry because they want Mom. They cry because they’re uncomfortable, or because they’ve got a dirty diaper, or because they’re too hot or too cold, and they cry because they’re hungry. So when they wake up in the middle of the night and start crying, it’s tough to determine whether they need to eat or just want to see Mom back in the room. I’m not trying to tell you that you shouldn’t respond to your baby’s crying. You know your baby better than anyone, and I imagine you can tell when something needs to be addressed based on the decibel level, intensity, pitch, and duration. But having said that, if your baby is waking up seven or eight times a night and insisting that you come in and rock her back to sleep, which can have a profound impact on everybody’s sleep, including hers. Many babies have developed a dependency on nursing, rocking, sucking, and so on in order to get to sleep, and it’s not something they can overcome in 15 or 20 minutes. Solving that issue requires some real work and a firm commitment from you, but we can discuss sleep training in a minute. First things first, here are a few things to consider when you’re trying to determine this oh-so-prevalent parental riddle. • IS BABY UNDER SIX MONTHS OLD? Up until about the six-month mark, babies typically require at least one nighttime feeding. Their tummies are small, they haven’t started solid food yet, and formula and breast milk digest fairly quickly, so there’s a good chance they’re going to get a case of the munchies during the night. This isn’t the case for all babies, obviously. Some infants sleep through the night without a feed from a very early age and then pig out during the day, but generally speaking, you can expect to be summoned for a nighttime feeding up until babies hit about six months. • IS BABY EATING ENOUGH DURING THE DAY? Once baby’s capable of sleeping through the night without a feed, you need to ensure they’re getting the calories they need during their daytime hours. The best way I’ve found to make this switch is to throw in an extra feed during the day or by adding an ounce or two to each bottle throughout the day. This is also a great time to think about introducing solid foods. The good news here is that baby’s body will typically adjust over a night or two to start taking in those additional calories during the daytime once they’re no longer getting them at night. Just a quick but SUPER IMPORTANT reminder... Before you attempt to make any changes to your baby’s feeding schedule, talk to your pediatrician. Nighttime sleep is awesome, but calories are essential. If your little one is underweight or not growing as fast as they should be, it might not be a good time to wean out night feedings, so again, chat with your doctor. • IS BABY FALLING ASLEEP QUICKLY WHEN YOU FEED THEM? I’m sure you’re familiar with this scenario. Baby starts crying 45 minutes after you put her down; you go in and offer a feed, which she eagerly accepts; she takes about three-quarters of an ounce, then promptly passes out in the middle of things. If this is happening frequently, it’s a good sign that your little one’s feeding for comfort instead of hunger. Genuinely hungry babies will usually eat until they’re full. In contrast, those who are feeding for comfort tend to drift off pretty quickly once they’ve gotten what they’re looking for. • DOES BABY SLEEP FOR A GOOD STRETCH AFTER FEEDING? If baby does take a full feed at night, she should be able to sleep for around 3-4 hours afterwards. An average sleep cycle for babies around the 6-month mark is somewhere in the 45minute - 1-hour range, so if they’re waking up around that long after they eat, it’s likely that they’re dependent on the sucking and soothing actions of your feeding routine to get to sleep. • WILL THEY GO BACK TO SLEEP WITHOUT A FEED? Falling asleep while you’re hungry is tough, regardless of your age. Your brain recognizes hunger as a priority and will stay alert until the need is met or until you’re exhausted enough that the need to sleep overrides the need to eat. So if your baby really is hungry, they usually won’t go back to sleep very easily until they’ve been fed. Suppose they nod off after five or ten minutes of crying. In that case, that’s a pretty reliable sign that they were just looking for some help getting back to sleep and not actually in need of a feed. • DOES BABY FALL ASLEEP INDEPENDENTLY?
Here lies the linchpin. The cornerstone of the whole equation is right here. Can your baby fall asleep on their own? If you can put your baby down in her crib while she’s still awake, leave the room, and have baby fall asleep without any help from you, without a pacifier, or any other kind of outside assistance. In that case, those nighttime cries are far more likely to mean that she genuinely needs a hand with something when she wakes up crying at night. Determining whether your baby’s hungry at night is obviously a complicated situation. Calories are vital, but so is sleep, so we typically end up paralyzed trying to balance the importance of the two. This tightrope is immeasurably easier to walk once you’ve taught your baby the skills they need to fall asleep on their own. Once the habit of feeding to sleep is broken, you can feel much more confident that their requests for a nighttime feed are out of necessity, not just a way to grab a few extra minutes with mom. And, as always, if you’re looking for some help teaching your little one those essential sleep skills, I’ve got you covered. - Erin Neri, BA. Psychology, Certified Pediatric Sleep Consultant, Infant Mental Health, Integrated Feeding Specialist Light directly influences the body’s circadian rhythms and guides the natural sleep-wake cycle. Babies respond to these signals differently from adults because their systems are still developing. Bright daylight in the morning encourages wakefulness, while reducing light in the evening signals the body to prepare for rest. As a matter of fact, dim light can signal bedtime readiness and help calm overstimulated senses. Consistent lighting patterns bring comfort and familiarity, which is especially important when helping babies sleep in a new space. Reproducing the same type of lighting used at home can make an unfamiliar room feel safe. This consistency trains the brain to recognize bedtime cues and improves sleep quality, whether at home, during travel, or after a move. The Science of Light and Sleep Cues Bright daylight reduces melatonin levels, helping the body stay alert during the day. Warm light in the evening supports natural melatonin release, making it easier to wind down. In contrast, blue light from screens or bright bulbs delays melatonin production and can disrupt sleep patterns. Babies react more strongly to these shifts because their biological clocks are still maturing. With this in mind, parents should create consistent lighting patterns that signal when it is time to sleep and when it is time to wake. This repetition strengthens the connection between light cues and rest. The Power of Familiar Lighting Routines Babies thrive on repetition, and lighting cues can become a strong part of their bedtime signal system. When parents use the same light levels every night, the baby’s brain begins to connect dim light with rest. Lowering lights during quiet activities such as feeding or reading helps reduce stimulation. Warm light works best to prepare the body for melatonin release. For this reason, parents should stick to the same light color, brightness, and timing, even when staying somewhere else. This consistency tells the baby it is time to wind down, no matter the location. Over time, the brain learns to respond faster to the light change, making bedtime less stressful. These cues work in both familiar and new environments, creating a dependable signal that supports better rest during travel or after moving. Portable Lighting Options for Travel and Visits Portable lighting is helping babies sleep in a new space. It helps maintain a baby’s established routine while away from home. Nightlights, rechargeable lamps, and blackout curtains can make unfamiliar spaces feel predictable. Choose devices that match the light color and intensity used at home, since babies respond strongly to changes in brightness and tone. In like manner, avoid cold white or harsh blue lighting, which can interfere with melatonin production and cause restlessness. Carry backup power sources or extra batteries to ensure you can maintain the setup without interruption. Store these items in a dedicated travel kit so they are always ready. Recreating familiar lighting in hotels, relatives’ homes, or vacation rentals helps preserve the baby’s sleep cues. This preparation keeps bedtime predictable and reduces stress for both parent and child, even when traveling far from home or staying in an entirely new environment. Nightlights are great for helping babies sleep in a new space Why Setup Support Matters After Moving A move can throw off routines, making it harder to maintain consistent lighting cues in the baby’s new room. Boxes, unpacking, and stress can delay setting up the nursery. On the other hand, hiring professionals to handle the move can save time and reduce effort. Boldly stated, trained people can make it easier to arrange the baby’s space quickly, ensuring familiar lighting is in place from the first night. Why should you choose professional movers over moving yourself? Well, this quick setup keeps the baby’s sleep cues intact and reduces adjustment difficulties. The sooner the lighting routine is restored, the faster the baby feels comfortable in the new environment. Parents can focus on settling their child rather than rushing to unpack, which helps maintain a calm and predictable bedtime routine, even during the chaos of relocation. Daytime Light Exposure is Helping Babies Sleep in a New Space Exposure to natural daylight early in the morning tells the body to suppress melatonin, promoting alertness. This strengthens the circadian rhythm, making it easier to fall asleep when night comes. Similarly, bright daytime lighting during active hours reinforces this pattern. In the evening, gradually dimming the lights helps melatonin production rise, signaling the body to prepare for rest. Avoid bright screens or overhead lighting close to bedtime, as they can delay sleep readiness. Babies respond more dramatically to these changes than adults, so consistent patterns matter. By managing light exposure during both day and night, parents can strengthen the connection between lighting cues and rest, improving bedtime routines, whether at home or in a completely new sleeping space. Adapting to Seasonal and Environmental Changes
Seasonal shifts can disrupt a baby’s lighting cues and affect bedtime. In summer, longer daylight hours may delay sleep readiness, while in winter, shorter days may make the baby drowsy earlier than planned. Then again, weather changes such as heavy clouds or bright snow can alter how light fills a room. Using blackout curtains in summer helps create darkness at the scheduled bedtime, while adding warm lamps in winter keeps cues consistent. Light control becomes even more important when daylight savings time shifts occur. Babies adjust more slowly to changes in daylight, so maintaining the same indoor light patterns is important for sleep stability. By balancing natural light with consistent indoor lighting, parents can keep the baby’s circadian rhythm steady all year, preventing disruptions that could cause late bedtimes or early morning waking. Troubleshooting Sleep Issues in a New Space Even with preparation, some babies may still struggle to sleep in a new environment. Unfamiliar shadows, light leaks, or overly bright surroundings can cause restlessness. Nevertheless, parents can solve these issues by carefully observing patterns and adjusting light setups. Introduce new lighting changes gradually rather than all at once, so the baby’s system has time to adapt. Blackout curtains, portable lamps, or dimmable nightlights can recreate the home routine more precisely. Bring familiar objects like the usual lamp or shade to add comfort. Avoid over-brightening the space before bed, as it can signal the wrong cue. Small adjustments over a few nights can help the baby accept the lighting change and regain consistent sleep, whether staying in a hotel, visiting family, or settling into a new home. Light Cues as the Foundation for Sleep Success Consistent lighting cues guide a baby’s body into restful patterns, even away from home. Helping babies sleep in a new space becomes easier when familiar light routines travel with them. With thoughtful planning and steady cues, parents can create comfort and security, supporting healthy sleep wherever the baby rests. Photos Used: https://www.pexels.com/photo/baby-girl-sleeping-with-eyes-closed-19314759/ https://www.pexels.com/photo/baby-in-white-and-yellow-polka-dot-dress-sleeping-8910155/ https://www.pexels.com/photo/mother-looking-after-on-sleeping-baby-7938227/ https://www.pexels.com/photo/baby-in-white-onesie-holding-wooden-blocks-3933250/ How SLEEP DEPRIVATION Affects Your RelationshipWhat is it about you having a lousy night’s sleep that makes everyone else so awful? It seems that way, doesn’t it? You have a night of broken, interrupted, just plain lousy sleep. The next day, people are driving like they’ve been lobotomized, humming and hawing about their Starbucks order in front of you and asking you the same stupid question at work that you’ve already answered half a dozen times. Seriously, is the universe just messing with you? Is there a hidden camera somewhere and a group of sadistic YouTube pranksters sending these cretins into your path? Maybe. I’m not saying that’s not a possibility, but a more likely explanation is that your lack of sleep is making it impossible for you to react rationally to frustrating situations. Researchers from the University of Arizona released a study in 2006, which I discovered last week, showing that people deprived of sleep over a 55-hour period had...
I know this might not seem like especially earth-shaking news, but it speaks to a broader point. So, let’s imagine that you and your partner are the proud parents of a new baby. Your lives are undoubtedly blessed, but let’s not kid ourselves; a new baby is a mammoth responsibility, and they require their parents to make, on average, one million decisions a day. (I’m estimating there, but it’s for sure in the ballpark. Let’s say a million-ish.) And for every decision that has to be made, you and your partner need to come to some sort of an agreement that it’s the right way to go.
And every one of them presents an opportunity for disagreement. Now, you and your partner may have a great method for resolving your disputes. You may have already agreed on a lot of these questions before you even got pregnant. Still, as any parent knows, all of those decisions are up for renewal the second things start going off the rails. So here you are, faced with all of these decisions, all of which need to be approved by you and your partner; you’re frustrated because things aren’t going smoothly, to begin with, and to top it all off, your ability to recognize and respond to each other in a rational, civilized manner has been seriously compromised. Two people are forced to debate the most critical decisions they’re likely to make in their lives, and they’re psychologically primed to blame one another, get angry, and be less likely to play fair or accept responsibility. Nightmare, right? On top of that, couples who don’t get enough sleep are less likely to show gratitude towards each other and significantly more likely to feel unappreciated, according to Amie Gordon, a doctorate candidate in social-personality psychology at UC Berkeley. And as though that’s not enough, consider the fact that lack of sleep decreases libido, which means you won’t be having sex as often, if at all. Many of the parents I’ve worked with have told me they’ve stopped having sex altogether since one of them is sleeping on the couch or sleeping next to baby, and in those rare opportunities where they get the chance to fool around, they both say they’re too tired and just not in the mood. Loads of couples get through this period in their lives with their partnership intact, and I’m not trying to suggest that sleep deprivation is going to be the end of your relationship. A baby who isn’t sleeping isn’t necessarily going to result in divorce, but I can say without reservation that it certainly won’t help. Babies are amazing, right? I mean c’mon. What can possibly compare with those first few months when you and your partner stand over the crib together and look down on that precious new life that the two of you created together? It’s the most romantic experience I can envision, and it’s a period in your life that deserves to be cherished. That’s not so easy to do if you and your partner are constantly fighting against each other because neither of you is getting enough sleep. There are so many reasons to make your little one’s sleep a priority when it comes to their well-being. Still, I’d ask you to take a selfish little detour for a moment and consider what it can mean for you, your partner and your relationship. After all, if there’s one gift your kids always appreciate, it’s seeing their parents happy, united, and in love. So before you commit to couples therapy, before you move to separate bedrooms, before you even get into one more heated argument over which route to take to daycare, try taking a week to commit to getting your little one sleeping through the night and see how you feel once you’re all getting the rest you need. The results, I promise you, are nothing short of amazing. -Erin Neri, BA. Psychology, Certified Pediatric Sleep Consultant, Infant Mental Health, Integrated Feeding Specialist Kahn-Greene, E. T., Lipizzi, E. L., Conrad, A. K., Kamimori, G. H., & Killgore, W. (2006). Sleep deprivation adversely affects interpersonal responses to frustration. Personality and Individual Differences, 41(8),
1433-1443. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2006.06.002 Gordon, A. M., & Chen, S. (2014). The Role of Sleep in Interpersonal Conflict: Do Sleepless Nights Mean Worse Fights? Social Psychological and Personality Science, 5(2), 168–175. https://doi.org/10.1177/1948550613488952 The Benefits of SleepSleep has always been and will likely continue to be a mystery. From an evolutionary standpoint, it seems like something that we should have abandoned a few hundred thousand years ago. The fact that we fall into a near unconscious state for a third of our day, every day, leaving us vulnerable to whatever horrifying dangers we faced in the early days of civilization, it makes me wonder how we ever made it this far as a species. However, it just goes to show that whatever sleep does for us, it’s obviously vital to our health and well-being. If it weren’t, those individuals who needed less sleep would have risen to the top of the gene pool a long, long time ago, and those who thrived on a lot of sleep would have been, well, eaten probably. Man, I’m glad I was born in this day and age. Being eaten would suck. As of yet, the scientific community hasn’t been able to tell us exactly why we sleep, but there is a consensus among researchers (and new mothers) that adequate sleep is beneficial in numerous ways. Actually, if you really want to get technical, it’s only a third. Learning and memory are divided into three functions. Acquisition, consolidation, and recall. Put simply, you need to receive the info, then you need to stabilize the memory of it, and finally, you need to be able to access it when you’re watching “Jeopardy!” Acquisition and recall primarily occur while you’re awake. Consolidation, on the other hand, “takes place during sleep through the strengthening of the neural connections that form our memories. The overall evidence suggests that adequate sleep each day is essential for learning and memory.” (1) So even if you manage to focus on what you’re learning and acquire the information, without sleep, that information won’t be properly stored in the brain. When called upon to access it, you’ll find yourself drawing a blank and making that face. You know the one your husband gets when you ask him to communicate his needs more often? That one. Now, I’m a firm believer that learning and education should be a lifelong pursuit, but once we’re out of school, learning becomes substantially more optional. For your kids, though, learning is their primary responsibility for the first 18-20 years of their lives, so considering how much they need to retain, the importance of a healthy sleep schedule is hard to overstate. This isn’t exactly new information. We’re all aware that we get emotional in very negative ways when we’re running on too little sleep, but why? Why shouldn’t it have similar effects to, say, a few glasses of wine? Why doesn’t sleep deprivation cause us to start telling people we love them or develop an overconfidence in our karaoke abilities? Again, it’s a bit of a mystery, but some researchers have suggested that sleep deprivation stimulates activity in the amygdala. That’s the little almond-shaped part of the brain that’s responsible for feelings of, among other things, anger and fear. These amped-up feelings can lead to an overall sense of stress and hostility toward others, which is probably part of the reason why you lost it at your co-worker when he asked you how your weekend was. The other reason is that he regularly uses finger guns and says things like, “Sounds like somebody’s got a case of the Mondays,” so sleep deprivation isn’t the only villain here.
People who regularly get between 7-9 hours of sleep see significantly lower rates of obesity, high blood pressure, stroke, infections, depression, diabetes, inflammation, hypertension, heart disease, heart attacks, and heart failure. They also report higher satisfaction with their sex lives, better performance at work and take fewer sick days than people who typically sleep less than 7 hours a night. (3) So, there’s no question that sleep, while it remains mysterious, is definitely an essential part of a healthy and happy lifestyle. But that all changes when you have a baby, right? I mean, you’ve brought a new life into this world, and you’re expected to sacrifice your sleep for a few years, maybe six or seven at the most, in order to respond to your baby’s needs, which, for some reason, they seem to have in spades in the middle of the night. This is one of the most problematic myths about parenthood, and it needs to be put to rest. Because here’s the thing: your baby needs sleep even more than you do. Those little bodies may look like they’re idle when they sleep, but there’s an absolute frenzy of work going on behind the scenes. Growth hormones are being secreted to help baby gain weight and sprout up, cytokines are being produced to fight off infections and produce antibodies, and all kinds of miraculous, intricate systems are at work laying the foundation for your baby’s growth and development, and they’ll continue to do so through adolescence, provided they’re given the opportunity to do so. Nature does the heavy lifting. All that’s required of your little one is to close their eyes and sleep. This being my field of expertise, I see a LOT of people telling new parents that babies just don’t sleep well and that they should expect their little ones to be waking them up seven or eight times a night. So to those people, I would like to say, you have absolutely NO idea what you’re talking about, OKAY? Your advice isn’t just wrong; it’s harmful. Telling people to accept their baby’s sleep issues as a part of the parenting experience is preventing them from addressing the problem, and that’s a serious concern for everybody in the family. Not because they’re selfish and enjoy sleeping late. It’s because they, and even more so, their kids, need adequate sleep for all of the reasons I’ve listed above. And if your baby is waking up 7 or 8 times a night and crying until you come into the room and rock her back to sleep, that’s not motherhood as usual. That’s a baby who has trouble sleeping, and it’s interfering with their body’s natural development. It’s no different than an ear infection or jaundice. It’s a health issue, and it has a remedy, so anyone telling you to grin and bear it for the next six years is peddling horrible advice. I’m sure it’s not done maliciously, but it still needs to stop. Accepting inadequate sleep in infancy leads to accepting it in adolescence, and eventually, you end up with grown adults who don’t give sleep the priority it requires, and all of those serious health issues follow along with it. So, to every new mother out there, I implore you, don’t accept the idea of sleep as a luxury that you’re going to have to learn to live without for a few years. If your baby’s not sleeping, address it. It’s not selfish; it’s not unrealistic; it’s necessary, and the benefits are plentiful. - Erin Neri, BA. Psychology, Certified Pediatric Sleep Consultant, Infant Mental Health, Integrated Feeding Specialist Endnotes
(1) Division of Sleep Medicine at Harvard Medical School, retrieved from healthysleep.med.harvard.edu/healthy/matters/benefits-of-sleep/learning-memory, December18, 2007 (2) Sleep. 1997 Apr 20 (4):267-77. Cumulative sleepiness, mood disturbance, and psychomotor vigilance performance decrements during a week of sleep restricted to 4-5 hours per night. Dinges DF1, Pack F, Williams K, Gillen KA, Powell JW, Ott GE, Aptowicz C, Pack AI. (3) National Sleep Foundation, 2008 Sleep in America Poll, Summary of Findings retrieved from sleepfoundation.org/sites/default/files/2008%20POLL%20SOF.PDF Snoring, Mouth-Breathing, and SleepI used to think that snoring babies were absolutely adorable. After all, what better indicator is there that your baby is fast asleep and getting the rest they need than the sound of them purring away in their crib? As a mother, the sight of your baby sleeping means they’re relaxed, feeling safe, and content with everything around them. I always get that “I’m a good mom” feeling when I look at my babies sleeping peacefully, and a little snore seemed harmless and cute. Unfortunately, that sense of peace and serenity I used to get at the sound of a snoring baby turned out to be misconstrued. After conducting some research, I quickly discovered that snoring and mouth breathing were both signs that something wasn’t quite right, indicating that I probably needed to take some action. That might sound inflammatory, but I assure you, I’m not fear-mongering here. Now, anyone who has ever taken a meditation class, dabbled in yoga, or trained for an athletic challenge of any kind will tell you that proper breathing has incredible benefits, and that proper breathing, by definition, is done through the nose. There are a few reasons why nose-breathing is better for you than mouth-breathing, and they’re not minor benefits. Breathing through your nose increases the amount of oxygen that reaches your lungs, expels more carbon dioxide, lowers your heart rate, enhances lymphatic flow, and reduces stress on the heart. It also produces nitric oxide, which helps expand blood vessels and increase blood flow. Additionally, the hairs and mucus in the sinuses help filter out impurities from the air. Mouth breathing, on the other hand, has some pretty nasty downsides. Again, this is for real. I’m making up exactly none of this, even though it sounds like a bad Facebook post your conspiracy theory-loving uncle might share. Long-term, chronic mouth breathing in children can actually affect their facial growth, mess with their teeth, cause gum disease, throat infections, stunted growth, and, a little closer to my heart, lack of quality sleep. So, again, I’m not trying to make anyone paranoid by writing this. Still, out of all the conversations I’ve had with parents, I would have to say that mouth-breathing ranks somewhere below “abducted by aliens” on the list of parental concerns, so I wanted to call some attention to it. Facial deformities and TMJ disorder aren’t really my area of expertise, but when it comes to sleep, I know my stuff, so allow me to expand a little on why snoring can ruin an otherwise wonderful, rejuvenating night. As you probably already know, we all sleep in cycles. We transition from a very light sleep into deeper sleep, then deeper still, and finally into the dreaming stage, commonly known as REM sleep. During that first stage of light sleep, as well as in the REM stage, we’re very easily woken up. The cat jumped on the bed, your partner rolling over, or involuntary muscle twitches can startle us out of our glorious snoozing session, and then we’re back to the starting line, trying to get back to sleep. In adults, these cycles last around 90 - 110 minutes, but in babies, they’re closer to 45, so the opportunity for them to wake up occurs more frequently throughout the night. (Which, I’m sure, isn’t news to anyone reading this. Every parent knows all too well how often babies tend to wake up during the night. Most delivery drivers probably know it as well, given how many mothers they’ve seen with the death- stare in their eyes after ringing the doorbell at the wrong time.) And what causes baby to wake up in those light stages of sleep? More than anything else, noise. Barking dogs, garbage trucks, washing machines getting thrown off balance during the spin cycle, and quite often, the sound of their own snoring. That’s not the only reason for waking up, mind you. If their airway is obstructed to the point where they temporarily stop breathing, what’s known as obstructive apnea, the body tends to startle itself out of sleep. (And I’m sure we’re all happy for that little fail-safe, even if it does lead to nighttime wake-ups.) Now, I could rehash all the points I’ve made in my blog posts about the benefits of solid, consolidated sleep, as well as the detriments of sleep deprivation, but I’ll leave it to the National Institutes of Health and their extensive study on the subject if you need a refresher. Suffice it to say, your baby needs a lot of sleep, and it’s bad for them in a whole lot of ways if they don’t get it. Therefore, if your baby (regardless of age) is snoring, you should take immediate action. That brings us to the question that every person who has ever slept next to a snorer has asked themselves. “How on earth do I stop this person from snoring?” The first thing you should do is grab your phone and record your little one breathing while they sleep. The second step is to take that recording to your pediatrician and play it for them. Just going to the doctor and telling them your baby’s snoring might not spark a lot of concern on their part, but being able to demonstrate the severity of the issue can light a little fire under their butts and prompt them to refer you to a respiratory specialist. Removal of the tonsils and/or adenoids is often the next logical step if their airways are significantly blocked. Don’t panic, though. The process isn’t nearly as intense as it might sound and is performed over half a million times a year in the US alone. If your little one’s snoring isn’t severe enough to warrant surgery, however, you might benefit from some nasal strips, which you’ve probably seen advertised. They’re just thin strips of metal in a cotton sheath with adhesive on the back that sticks to the outside of the nose, gently pulling open the nasal passageways. It’s not the most elegant solution, but it does solve the problem temporarily. Just a final note to add here. If your baby is sick or congested, don’t jump to the conclusion that their snoring is permanent. A slight nasal congestion due to illness can cause baby to snore, but it should clear up when they recover. Try using a nasal bulb to suck the ickiness out of their nose and then a saline solution to clear up the passageways.
I know that, as mothers, we’ve got plenty to worry about without throwing unnecessary concerns into the mix. Still, if your baby’s snoring, it can have some serious consequences, and you should take it seriously. It’s preventable, and a better night’s sleep is waiting on the other side of the solution for your baby as well as the rest of your family. - Erin Neri, B.A. Psychology, Certified Pediatric Sleep Consultant, Infant Mental Health, Integrated Feeding Specialist |
To The Moon and Back Sleep ConsultingProviding families the tools & support they need to get their little ones sleeping through the night and napping like champs! Everyone has more fun when they are well rested! Visit Woolino - Use the LINK to get 10% off.
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